'This is a 100-year-old banyan tree.'
'It is also called a divine tree.'
'The speciality of a divine tree is that it lives long,'
'is eternal and forever thriving.'
'Not only that...'
'In comparison to other trees, it gives five times more oxygen.'
'After a journey of 100 years, how is the Sangh?'
'A precise example of it is this sacred tree.'
'It's been one century since the Sangh was established.'
'Just like this tree, it is evergreen even today.'
'Its branches have become stronger and rooted.'
'The branches have taken the form of a tree.'
'One such divine tree of the Sangh was Balasaheb Deoras.'
'Be it the scorching heat of the sun'
'or the rain falling from the sky,'
'every tree tolerates it'
'and protects the ones who take shelter under it.'
'When that tree is divine, what will happen?'
Greetings! I am Dr Nitish Bharadwaj.
Welcome to 'Kesariya@100'.
The era of 1970 witnessed many social reforms in India.
Nehru's socialism
failed to fulfil all the promises made during the independence.
Due to the government's strict control and License Raj,
the economy was crumbling.
This was also the time
when Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh expanded rapidly.
Come on, let's go back more than 50 years to find out
how this expansion happened.
"One colour, one union, one mind, one vow."
"One voice, one song, one melody, one mantra."
'Victory to... - Mother India!'
"One colour, one union, one mind, one vow."
"One voice, one song, one melody, one mantra."
"One vision, one ideology, we have just one goal."
"It's our pride and honour,"
"our country dwells in our very soul."
"Your nation calls, adorn it with your love sincere."
"With faith and courage, in serving our nation, let us persevere."
"Your nation calls, adorn it with your love sincere."
"With faith and courage, in serving our nation, let us persevere."
"Kesariya!"
On 12th June 1975,
the Allahabad High Court declared
the 1971 Lok Sabha elections of Mrs Indira Gandhi invalid.
On 24th June 1975,
the Supreme Court upheld the decision of the High Court.
The opposition intensified the nationwide movement
by demanding Indira Gandhi's resignation.
Amidst the series of events
and the growing outrage of the public towards the government,
on Indira Gandhi's recommendation,
On 25th June 1975, President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
signed the emergency ordinance at midnight.
'If people think that there is instability,'
'when people think that there may be a period'
'when they do not know what will happen within the country,'
'that is a period of danger for that country.'
'It is my duty to see'
'that nothing is done anywhere in any corner of the world'
'which can cast any reflection'
'on this character of the Indian people.'
'Jayaprakash Narayan challenged Indira Gandhi's government'
'by blowing the trumpet of complete revolution.'
'Under JP's leadership, all the opposition parties'
'joined hands against her.'
'What people want will happen.'
'It is unfortunate'
'that at the time'
'when the repression cycle started,'
'many people were sent to jail and all the leaders were arrested.'
'It felt'
'as though the country was dead.'
'Indira Gandhi'
'understood the power and standard of every opposition party.'
'She felt that her biggest threat was from Bharatiya Jana Sangh'
'and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.'
'So, Indira Gandhi decided to ban such organisations.'
'To justify her decision,'
'she banned 26 organisations,'
'including Jamaat-e-Islami and Ananda Marga.'
The first restriction on the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
was imposed on 30th January 1948, after Gandhi's assassination.
The second restriction was imposed in 1975 in the month of June.
On that day, Balasaheb Deoras was waiting for his train
at the Nagpur Railway Station
but the police arrived before the train
and they arrested Deoras.
An emergency was declared in the country.
Prime Minister Indira Gandhi
restricted 26 organisations, including the RSS.
Deoras was in Yerawada Jail for 19 months.
'Indira Gandhi's fear of the Sangh was proven right.'
'The Sangh played an important role'
'in the movement against the emergency.'
'The Lok Sangharsh Samiti was established for this.'
'The Sangh had the support of the entire country.'
'The Sangh also had the experience'
'of fighting against the restriction imposed in 1948.'
'Deoras, who was imprisoned during the emergency,'
'used to hear stories of the attacks against the volunteers.'
'It used to make him upset and worried.'
'After 19 months, in January 1977,'
'the Lok Sabha elections were declared.'
'Being in jail, Balasaheb Deoras, head of the Sangh,'
'was playing a significant role.'
'Congress was defeated in the 1977 Lok Sabha elections.'
'Even Indira Gandhi lost.'
'The people's government was formed at the centre.'
'With this, for the first time, in the people's government,'
'the volunteers of the Sangh, Atal Bihari Vajpayee
'and Lal Krishna Advani were involved.'
'The task... - The task...'
'started by Mahatma Gandhi... - started by Mahatma Gandhi...'
'We will complete it. - We will complete it.'
'The ban on the Sangh was lifted.'
'Across the country, gatherings were held to welcome Balasaheb Deoras.'
'He did not get carried away by this victory.'
'The pride of victory was not seen in his behaviour.'
The way Chaudhary Charan Singh
found out about Balasaheb Deoras' humility
was truly remarkable.
'One day, someone came to meet'
'Home Minister Chaudhary Charan Singh.'
'He was Balasaheb Deoras, the third chief'
'of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.'
'What Deoras said in this meeting'
'left Chaudhary Charan Singh surprised.'
'This became a wonderful incident'
'in relation to the country's politics.'
The Sangh played a huge role in the fight against the emergency.
This was our duty.
We did everything for the country
but an investigation should be conducted against Indira Gandhi.
Many things have gone wrong during the emergency.
I think we should follow the policy of forgive and forget.
No, I cannot forgive Indira Gandhi.
She misused her power during the emergency.
She used censorship.
Chaudhary, you are the administrator.
We are volunteers.
We have to unite society.
So, we have learnt the quality of forgiveness.
'Home Minister Chaudhary Charan Singh'
'was determined to take action'
'against the former prime minister, Indira Gandhi'
'but Deoras was advising him not to do so.'
'He was the same Deoras'
'who was arrested on the order of the Indira Gandhi's government'
'but he was talking about forgiving Indira Gandhi.'
I think it will be better if we forget the emergency.
I cannot forget it.
Indira Gandhi and Sanjay Gandhi have crossed the line.
How do I forget that?
Chaudhary, we suffered during the emergency.
I was in Yerawada Jail for 19 months.
Our volunteers had to face many problems.
Even their families were attacked.
I understand everything and know everything, too.
We were ill-treated.
We will have to forget everything and move on.
No, a few things cannot be forgotten.
Chaudhary, when it comes to the country,
personal matters become unimportant.
'Balasaheb Deoras' words'
'left Chaudhary Charan Singh astonished.'
'Charan Singh was talking of getting Indira Gandhi arrested.'
'What was the greatness of Deoras who was advising him against it?'
'It was evident from Charan Singh's words'
'that he was angry with Prime Minister Morarji Desai.'
'Deoras was laughing at his behaviour.'
'During their meeting,'
'Professor Rajendra Singh alias Rajju was with them,'
'who later became the chief.'
In 1977,
the Sangh played a prominent role in the victory of the Janata Party.
Not only that. The Bharatiya Jana Sangh
was included in this newly formed Janata Party.
This was not an ordinary matter.
The Sangh let this happen.
For the first time in the history of our country,
two volunteers of the Sangh,
Mr Atal Bihari Vajpayee
and Mr Lal Krishna Advani became ministers in the central government.
'Hail the ministers! - All hail them!'
'My only request'
'to my brothers and sisters'
'is to work fearlessly'
'and peacefully.'
'Let's cooperate with each other and work.'
'There's been a peaceful revolution in this country.'
'Democracy is safe now.'
'We have the duty'
'of speeding up the process of the country's economic'
'and social change.'
'We don't believe in forcing discipline.'
'We will have to develop self-discipline.'
'With the help of our rights,'
'we will have to develop a sense of duty.'
'Through the medium of service,'
'we will have to unite 620 million people'
'and form a great and powerful India.'
'Socialist leader, Madhu Limaye,'
'suddenly brought up the topic of dual membership'
'and stirred a controversy in the Janata Party.'
Now, you tell me.
The ministers who are members of the Janata Party
are also the members of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.
This will not work.
Such ministers will have to make a choice.
They should either be a part of the party or the Sangh.
'Madhu Limaye knew it well'
'that the ministers of Bharatiya Jana Sangh'
'who were a part of the Janata Party'
'would never sever ties with the Sangh'
'and that is what happened.'
'All the ministers'
'who joined the Janata Party from the Jana Sangh'
'decided that they wouldn't sever ties with the Sangh.'
'The Janata Party fell apart.'
'After this, Charan Singh separated from the government.'
'Morarji Desai's government collapsed.'
'The controversy of dual membership'
'ended with the collapse of the government.'
'The question was, at whose behest,'
'did Madhu Limaye create this controversy'
'of dual membership?'
'This question is still unanswered.'
'Was he playing games on behalf of Congress?'
But amidst these political developments,
the volunteers did not forget their main goal.
Serving the country, and developing the country.
The cyclone in Andhra Pradesh in 1977
is an example of this.
'This cyclone was one of the most destructive natural calamities'
'in the history of India,'
'which caused a lot of destruction'
'in the coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh.'
'The speed of the cyclone'
'ranged between 200 and 230 kilometres per hour.'
'It gave rise to stormy waves up to 16 feet high.'
'In this cyclone, officially,'
'more than 10,000 people lost their lives.'
'As per some reports,'
'the number was around 50,000 people.'
'After the cyclone,'
'the relief and restoration work were a big challenge.'
'Many governmental agencies'
'and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh'
'started with the relief work.'
'Basic necessities like food, water,'
'medicines and clothes'
'were delivered to remote areas.'
'Temporary shelters were set up.'
'The affected people were given medical help.'
The year 1984 was catastrophic.
In the premises of Amritsar's Golden Temple,
Operation Blue Star was carried out in June 1984.
The reason was to eliminate the terrorists.
In the same year,
Indira Gandhi was assassinated by her Sikh security guards.
'We know...'
'that the hearts of Indians...'
'are filled with anger and fury.'
'For a few days,'
'people thought that India was shaking...'
'but whenever...'
'a huge tree falls,'
'the land shakes a little bit.'
'After Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's assassination,'
'the Sikhs were targeted in many parts of the country.'
'Deoras kept saying'
'that the Hindus and the Sikhs should be united in the country.'
'In this country, it is important to build character.'
'It is important to create discipline.'
'It is important to build the feeling of patriotism.'
'It is important to build social relationships.'
'This country has no future until this happens.'
'Gyani Zail Singh was the President at that time.'
'Deoras used to meet Zail Singh.'
'Zail Singh was influenced by Deoras' words.'
'Balasaheb Deoras emphasised the union of Hindus and Sikhs.'
'The Sangh proceeded with this thought.'
'In 1986, the Rashtriya Sikh Sangat was established.'
'The Sangh was accused of casteism'
'but Deoras' emphasis was on social equality.'
'When he became the chief, within a year,'
'during a historic speech in Pune,'
'he spoke about casteism.'
The caste system and creed system have become obsolete now.
Equality cannot be established on the basis of disparity.
Casteism will have to end.
If untouchability is not wrong,
nothing is wrong.
It has to go!
Lock, stock and barrel!
'On 1st February 1986,'
'the lock of Lord Rama's birthplace in Ayodhya was opened.'
'Slowly, the Ram Mandir Movement gained momentum.'
'The momentum intensified in 1990.'
'On 6th December, 1992,'
'the Babri Masjid was demolished.'
'At the same time, Narasimha Rao's government restricted the Sangh.'
'This was the third restriction on the Sangh.'
'Balasaheb Deoras witnessed three restrictions on the Sangh.'
'After every restriction,'
'the Sangh proceeded with new energy.'
The restrictions did not stop the RSS
from working selflessly and without any expectations.
This organisation was one of the most organised organisations,
which used to work happily
and they did it without any noise or pretence.
'The Latur earthquake, 1993.'
'When the land shook at the Deccan Plateau.'
'At dawn of 30th September 1993,'
'Maharashtra's Latur and Osmanabad districts,'
'especially Killari Village,'
'were struck by an unexpected earthquake.'
'On the Richter Scale,'
'this earthquake ranging between a magnitude of 6.2 to 6.4'
'shocked the scientists as well.'
'The time was 3:56 am,'
'when most of the people were fast sleep.'
'That was the reason for the huge death toll.'
Were you sleeping at home during the earthquake? - Yes.
Did your house collapse? - Yes, it did.
How many houses must have collapsed here?
Around 80 percent people have lost their houses.
Around 80 percent people? - Yes.
Like every time, the volunteers rushed to help.
From food to medical camps,
the RSS contributed to the relief work in every way.
Mohammad Karim Chagla!
He is called the God of the Indian Judiciary.
Justice Chagla was also a minister in Pandit Nehru's cabinet.
In a public assembly in Mumbai, Justice Chagla
made a huge statement about Balasaheb Deoras.
I remember one thing Deoras said during the emergency.
He said
that against the Bhutto Regime,
four ambassadors and two generals had resigned in Pakistan.
Here, the emergency continued for 20 months
but no minister, ambassador,
or public servant resigned against it.
I had many wrong notions about the RSS...
but after listening to Deoras' speeches on different issues...
and...
after seeing his honesty, I was quite impressed.
He wants to make this Sangh a national organisation
that will connect with the mainstream
of social life.
Due to his health issues, Balasaheb Deoras
decided to step down from the position of the Sangh chief.
Who became the Chief of the Sangh after him?
How was his tenure?
Let's watch it in the next episode of 'Kesariya@100'.
Goodbye.
"We think about bringing everyone together."
"With the help of new actions and practices,"
"you must finish incomplete tasks."
"No matter how many problems we face,"
"we must move ahead with no fear."
"We must do great deeds and make our nation proud."
"Your nation calls, adorn it with your love sincere."
"With faith and courage, in serving our nation, let us persevere."
"Why do you seek a ray of light?"
"You have immense hope and courage within."
"Knowledge is your weapon. You are an example of bravery."
"Dreams are your strength. Your thinking drives you."
"You can win over everything in this world."
"Knowledge is your biggest strength."
"Your nation calls, adorn it with your love sincere."
"With faith and courage, in serving our nation, let us persevere."
"Kesariya!"